Курсовая: Historia mundial

for a time when you are already connected to contact the server.

Click OK. Prime95 will now contact the PrimeNet server to get some

work for your computer to do.

4) If you cannot contact the PrimeNet server, then a firewall may be

preventing the RPCs from getting to the server. In this case, you

may want to try the HTTP-based DLL. Choose "Use HTTP-based DLL"

from the Test/Primenet dialog.

4a) If you now get the error message "Unable to load HTTPNET.DLL", then

you are probably missing WININET.DLL. This DLL is shipped with

Microsoft's Internet Explorer. It is also installed by default in

later versions of Windows 95 and Windows NT. You can download and

install WININET.DLL from Scott Kurowski's web site. See

http://entropia.com/ips/faq.html#wininet for details.

4b) If the http-based DLL will not connect to the server, then

you will have to use the manual method described below. There have

been reports that the http-based DLL does not work in all

MS IE 3.0 environments - we are working on making this DLL work in

as many different environments as possible.

4c) If a proxy server is the cause of your connection troubles, see the

later section on "SETTING UP A PROXY SERVER".

5) Create a shortcut to prime95.exe and place it in the startup folder.

Alternatively, you can install prime95.exe as a Windows 95 service

using the Options menu. Prime95 will now run every time you boot

your computer.

MANUAL METHOD INSTRUCTIONS #1

-----------------------------

1) Use the Web (http://entropia.com/ips/manualtests.html) to create

a userid for yourself and to get a set of exponents to work on.

Copy these exponents to a file called worktodo.ini

2) Run prime95.exe. You will see 3 dialog boxes:

2a) In the first dialog box, enter your name and email address. Click OK.

2b) In the second dialog box, change the CPU type and speed if necessary.

Fill in roughly how many hours a day you leave your computer running.

Click OK.

2c) In the third dialog box, uncheck "Use PrimeNet to get work and report

results", click OK.

3) Create a shortcut to prime95.exe and place it in the startup folder.

Prime95 will now run every time you boot your computer.

4) Once a month or when done with your exponents, use the web pages

again to send the file "results.txt" to the PrimeNet server.

It is important to do this so the exponents you are testing are

not reassigned to someone else.

MANUAL METHOD INSTRUCTIONS #2

-----------------------------

1) Download and unzip database.zip (http://www.mersenne.org/range2.htm).

2) Use the Web (http://www.mersenne.org/range2.htm) to select a range of

exponents to test. Send me e-mail on the range you've chosen.

This prevents others from testing the same range.

3) Run prime95.exe. You will see 3 dialog boxes:

3a) In the first dialog box, enter your name and email address. Click OK.

3b) In the second dialog box, change the CPU type and speed if necessary.

Fill in roughly how many hours a day you leave your computer running.

Click OK.

3c) In the third dialog box, uncheck "Use PrimeNet to get work and report

results", click OK.

4) Choose Test/Manual Operation from the menus. Enter the type of work

and range of exponents you selected in step 2.

5) Create a shortcut to prime95.exe and place it in the startup folder.

Prime95 will now run every time you boot your computer.

6) Once a month or when done with your range, send the file "results.txt" to

. It is important to do this so the exponents

you've tested can be removed from the master list.

NOTES

-----

Let prime95.exe run at all times. It runs at the lowest possible priority,

making use of all your idle CPU cycles. It should not interfere with your

normal work. Let the program run overnight and on weekends. Never turn

your computer off. Turn off your monitor to conserve energy. NOTE:

Running your computer non-stop could increase your electric bill by $30

per year or more.

It can take many CPU days to test a large Mersenne number. This program

can be safely interrupted by using the ESC key to write intermediate results

to disk. This program also saves intermediate results to disk every 30 minutes

in case there is a power failure.

To fully utilize a dual Pentium machine, you must run two copies of

prime95.exe. Run one copy of prime95 as described above. Run the second

copy of prime95.exe with the -A1 switch. Place two shortcuts in the

startup folder (one with no switch and one with the -A1 switch).

Dual processor machines can also improve performance by setting

processor affinity in Windows NT. To do this, do the following:

1) Run Windows NT task manager

2) Click on the processes tab

3) Find your PRIME95 processes

4) Right click on the processes and pick Processor Affinity.

5) Set the flag on CPU 0 for one process and CPU 1 for the other

You can compare your computer's speed with other users by checking the

site http://www2.tripnet.se/~nlg/mersenne/benchmk.htm. If you are

much slower than comparable machines, download Microsoft's WinTop

kernel toy to find programs (such as AOL) that are stealing all of

prime95's CPU cycles. You can download the software free at

http://www.microsoft.com/windows/downloads/contents/powertoys/w95procwatcher

You can get a report of your PrimeNet server account status on the web

(http://entropia.com/primenet/status.shtml). Type your UserID and

password into the web form, and click "Get Account Report". You can

get your UserID and password from the Test/User Information

dialog box.

Information about running a local PrimeNet server is also available.

See http://entropia.com/primenet. If you have any questions about the

PrimeNet server, you can send e-mail to .

The first time you run this program it will perform an hour long

self-test to make sure the Lucas-Lehmer code is running properly

on your system. There are 16 different self-tests, one for each

FFT size. You can run all 16 self-tests with Options/Self Test

menu choice. This is not required.

If you have overclocked your machine, I highly recommend running the

torture test for a couple of days. The longer you run the torture test

the greater the chance that you will uncover an error caused by

overheating.

Depending on the exponent being tested, the program may decide that it

would be wise to invest some time checking for small factors before

running a Lucas-Lehmer test. Furthermore, the program may start factoring

exponents before a previous Lucas-Lehmer test completes. This is normal!

The program will resume the Lucas-Lehmer test when the factoring

completes.

For manual users, once you've started testing a range there is no advantage

in downloading a new database. After your range completes, you can download

a new database before you start your next range.

You can configure this program to have different properties at different

times of the day and/or to not run during certain times of the day.

Unfortunately, you must manual edit the prime.ini file. Let's say you

want to install the program on a friend's machine and he runs a screen

saver at night. He also runs a disk defragmenter at midnight on weekdays.

This prime.ini file will run the program at a higher priority than his

screen saver at night and on weekends. It also sleeps for an hour when

his defragmenter starts running. Finally, at night fewer save files are

generated to allow his disk to stay powered down longer.

UserID=foo

Time=1-5/8:30-17:30

Priority=1

DiskWriteTime=30

Time=1-5/1:00-8:30,1-5/17:30-24:00,6-7/0:00-24:00

Priority=5

DiskWriteTime=240

The 1-5 refers to days of the week, with Monday=1 and Sunday=7. The

time portion refers to the hours of the day based on a 24-hour clock.

You do not need to specify days of the week (e.g. Time=1-7/0:00-8:00

is the same as Time=0:00-8:00). Unpredictable results will occur if

there are overlapping time intervals. Also note that any options that

appear in the Time= sections should not appear earlier in the prime.ini

file and you can no longer edit these options from theuser interface.

SETTING UP A PROXY SERVER

-------------------------

Create a file in the same local folder as Prime95.exe, called "primenet.ini".

Add these text lines, substituting the appropriate proxy server URL and port:

[PrimeNet Proxy]

ProxyHost=http://proxy.megacorp.com:8080

If the proxy is secured by a userid/password, add the following two text

lines, substituting the appropriate values:

ProxyUser=whatever_the_userid_is

ProxyPass=whatever_the_password_is

After the first time PrimeNet is contacted through a secure proxy, the proxy

password is encoded and a new parameter 'ProxyMask=1' set. To change the

password, simply change the ProxyPass= value, and either delete the ProxyMask

text line or set ProxyMask=0.

PROGRAM OUTPUT

--------------

On screen you will see:

Factored M400037 through 17517*2^32 (pass 3 of 16). Clocks: 24235224=0.121 sec.

This means prime95 is in the third pass of a 16 pass process to

find a small factor of 2^400037-1.

Iteration: 941400 / 1667747. Clocks: 21889762 = 0.109 sec.

This means prime95 just finished the 941400th iteration of a

Lucas-Lehmer primality test. The program must execute 1667747

iterations to complete the primality test. The average iteration

took 21889762 "clock cycles" or 0.109 seconds.

The results file and screen will include lines that look like:

M2645701 has a factor: 13412891051374103

This means to 2^2645701-1 is not prime. It is divisible

by 13412891051374103.

M2123027 no factor to 2^57, WS1: 14780E25

This means 2^2123027-1 has no factors less than 2^57. The Mersenne

number may or may not be prime. A Lucas-Lehmer test is needed

to determine the primality of the Mersenne number. WS1 is

the program version number. 14780E25 is a checksum to guard

against email transmission errors.

M1992031 is not prime. Res64: 6549369F4962ADE0. WT1: B253EF24,1414032,00000000

This means 2^1992031-1 is not prime - a Lucas-Lehmer test says so.

The last 64 bits of the last number in the Lucas-Lehmer sequence

is 6549369F4962ADE0. At some future date, another person will verify

this 64-bit result by rerunning the Lucas-Lehmer test. WT1 is the

program version number. B253EF24 is a checksum to guard against email

transmission errors. 1414032 can be ignored it is used as part

of the double-checking process. The final 00000000 value is a set

of 4 counters. These count the number of errors that occurred during

the Lucas-Lehmer test.

M11213 is prime! WS1: 579A579A

This means 2^11213-1 is a Mersenne prime! WS1 is the program

version number. 579A579A is a checksum to guard against email

transmission errors.

RUNNING PRIME95 ON SEVERAL COMPUTERS

------------------------------------

The easiest way to do this is to first set up prime95 on one computer.

Next copy all the files to the second computer. Delete the local.ini

file and worktodo.ini files. These files contain information that

is specific to the first computer. Start prime95 on the second

computer and optionally use Test/User Information to

give the second computer a unique computer ID. Repeat this process

for all the computers you wish to run prime95 on.

If you do not follow the instruction above, be sure you use

Test/User Information to give each computer the same

userid and password. Failure to do this will result in all

your work being "credited" to different user IDs.

TEST MENU

---------

The PrimeNet menu choice lets you configure the type of work you get

from the server. The "Use PrimeNet..." option can be turned on to

switch from the manual method to the automatic method.

The "Request whatever..." box should be left checked. However, if you

are running a slow computer and don't mind waiting several months for

a single Lucas-Lehmer test to complete OR you are running a faster

computer and would rather do factoring, then uncheck this box and

choose a different type of work to do. The "Days of work to get" should

be changed based on how often you connect to the Internet. As long as

you connect at least once in the given time period, prime95 will have

an uninterrupted stream of work. However, the program will not checkout

more than 20 exponents no matter what "Days of work to get" is set at.

The Manual Operation menu choice allows you to select a range of

exponents to work on. You may also use this menu choice to add

to your existing work (e.g. when you are running low on exponents

to test).

The User Information menu choice lets you change your name and email

address. Your name will be used in credits and "top producers"

web pages. Your email address will be used to send you warnings if

an exponent you have reserved is about to expire and to send you a

newsletter once every few months. Select the no email checkbox to

stop the server from sending expiration warnings. The userid you

use will appear in the status pages on the PrimeNet server. You can

also set the ComputerID field if you have several computers and want

to keep track of which computers produced which results.

The Vacation/Holiday menu choice lets prime95 update the expected completion

dates on the PrimeNet server. This will prevent one of your exponents

from being reassigned while you're gone. Also, if you are taking a

long vacation, prime95 will get extra exponents to test. For example,

if you are leaving immediately for a 6 week vacation, connect to the

Internet and choose 42 days. If you are leaving in two days for a 6

week vacation, then set choose 44 days. Primenet will send the new

completion dates whenever you connect to the Internet over the next 2 days.

The Status menu choice will tell you what exponents you are working on.

It will also estimate how long that will take and

your chances of finding a new Mersenne prime.

The Continue menu choice lets you resume prime95 after you have stopped it.

The Stop menu choice lets you stop the program. When you continue,

you will pick up right where you left off. This is the same as hitting

the ESC key.

ADVANCED MENU

-------------

You should not need to use the Advanced menu. This menu choice is

provided only for those who are curious to play with. To avoid confusion

for novice users, all the choices in the Advanced menu have been grayed.

Please read this section if you want to know what the Advanced menu choices

do. To turn on the Advanced menu, use the Advanced Password dialog box

and enter a value of 9876. Also note that many of the menu choices are

grayed while testing is in progress. Choose Test/Stop to activate

these menu choices.

The Test choice can be used to run a Lucas-Lehmer test on one Mersenne

number. Enter the Mersenne number's exponent - this must be a prime

number between 7 and 5259999.

The Time choice can be used to see how long each iteration of a Lucas-Lehmer

test will take on your computer and how long it will take to test a

given exponent. For example, if you want to know how long a Lucas-Lehmer

test will take to test the exponent 876543, choose Advanced/Time and

enter 876543 for 100 iterations. A Pentium will automatically time

and compute the results. 486 owners will need to time how long the operation

takes by hand, divide that time by 100 and multiply by 876543 to compute how

long a full Lucas-Lehmer test will take.

The ECM choice lets you factor small Mersenne exponents using the

Elliptic Curve Method of factoring. Select a few exponents and bounds

to factor from the http://www.mersenne.org/ecm.htm web page.

Note: You do not reserve exponents to work on, several people can

do ECM factoring on the same exponent. The program uses a random

number generator to select elliptic curves to test. You must email

results to me at - primenet does not support ECM

factoring. You can also edit the worktodo.ini file directly. For example:

ECM=751,3000000,0,100,0,0,0

The first value is the exponent. The second value is bound #1. The

third value is bound #2 - leave it as zero. The fourth value is the

number of curves to test. The fifth value is the number of curves completed.

The sixth value is the specific curve to test - it is only used in

debugging. The seventh value is 0 for 2^N-1 factoring, 1 for 2^N+1

factoring.

The Clear Primes choice can be used to remove one or more exponents from the

database. You might do this for two reasons:

1) Let's say you're testing range 1234000 to 1234999. If I send you some

mail saying that a factor has been found for M1234567, then you use

Clear Primes to remove 1234567 from your database so that you

won't have to run a Lucas-Lehmer test on it.

2) You downloaded a new database after checking all the exponents

between 1234000 and 1234300. You can use Clear Primes

to remove the exponents between 1234000 and 1234300.

Do not use the Factor menu choice. If you're running Lucas-Lehmer tests

on a range or just factoring a range - use Test/Manual Operation.

The program will know the optimal amount of factoring to perform. Having

said that, if you insist on using this menu choice, you can look for factors

less than 2^62 of any Mersenne numbers with an exponent less than 10,000,000.

Let's say you're writing a factoring program for a UNIX machine and want to

check its results. Use both this menu choice and your UNIX program to

search for small factors on a set of Mersenne numbers and compare the results.

Round off checking. This option will slow the program down by about 15%.

This option displays the smallest and largest "convolution error". The

convolution error must be less than 0.49 or the results will be incorrect.

There really is no good reason to turn this option on.

The Priority menu is used to adjust the priority prime95 runs at.

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